Glossary of English Grammar Terms

Active Voice (March 21st 2008)
In the active voice, the subject of the verb does the action (eg They killed the President). See also Passive Voice.

Adjective
A word like big, red, easy, French etc. An adjective describes a noun or pronoun.

Adverb
A word like slowly, quietly, well, often etc. An adverb modifies a verb.

Article
The "indefinite" articles are a and an. The "definite article" is the.

Auxiliary Verb
A verb that is used with a main verb. Be, do and have are auxiliary verbs. Can, may, must etc are modal auxiliary verbs.

Clause
A group of words containing a subject and its verb (for example: It was late when he arrived).

Conjunction
A word used to connect words, phrases and clauses (for example: and, but, if).

Infinitive
The basic form of a verb as in to work or work.

Interjection
An exclamation inserted into an utterance without grammatical connection (for example: oh!, ah!, ouch!, well!).

Modal Verb
An auxiliary verb like can, may, must etc that modifies the main verb and expresses possibility, probability etc. It is also called "modal auxiliary verb".

Noun
A word like table, dog, teacher, America etc. A noun is the name of an object, concept, person or place. A "concrete noun" is something you can see or touch like a person or car. An "abstract noun" is something that you cannot see or touch like a decision or happiness. A "countable noun" is something that you can count (for example: bottle, song, dollar). An "uncountable noun" is something that you cannot count (for example: water, music, money).

Object
In the active voice, a noun or its equivalent that receives the action of the verb. In the passive voice, a noun or its equivalent that does the action of the verb.

Participle
The -ing and -ed forms of verbs. The -ing form is called the "present participle". The -ed form is called the "past participle" (for irregular verbs, this is column 3).

Part Of Speech
One of the eight classes of word in English - noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction and interjection.

Passive Voice
In the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb (eg The President was killed). See also Active Voice.

Phrase
A group of words not containing a subject and its verb (eg on the table, the girl in a red dress).

Predicate
Each sentence contains (or implies) two parts: a subject and a predicate. The predicate is what is said about the subject.

Preposition
A word like at, to, in, over etc. Prepositions usually come before a noun and give information about things like time, place and direction.

Pronoun
A word like I, me, you, he, him, it etc. A pronoun replaces a noun.

Sentence
A group of words that express a thought. A sentence conveys a statement, question, exclamation or command. A sentence contains or implies a subject and a predicate. In simple terms, a sentence must contain a verb and (usually) a subject. A sentence starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop (.), question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!).

Subject
Every sentence contains (or implies) two parts: a subject and a predicate. The subject is the main noun (or equivalent) in a sentence about which something is said.

Tense
The form of a verb that shows us when the action or state happens (past, present or future). Note that the name of a tense is not always a guide to when the action happens. The "present continuous tense", for example, can be used to talk about the present or the future.

Verb
A word like (to) work, (to) love, (to) begin. A verb describes an action or state.

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/grammar-glossary.htm

TKT Teaching Knowledge Test

A new teaching award for English language teachers Knowledge about the theory and practice of English language teaching increases teachers' confidence, improves their teaching and provides access to higher - level teaching awards and professional support materials.

TKT
A new test for teachers of English to speakers of other languages. Focuses on core teaching knowledge. For teachers of primary, secondary or adult learners, anywhere in the world. For both experienced and novice teachers. Ideal for teachers in work and pre - service.

Motivates and develops teachers.Flexible and accessible for teachers from all backgrounds
Tests will be available throughout the year at centres all over the world.

Modules can be taken on their own or as a complete package. No need to follow a preparation course. Fast turnaround of results.
A modular approach to testing TKT's three modules can be taken together in one exam session or separately. Each module consists of a test of 80 questions, lasting 80 minutes, which require candidates to select the correct answer.

Module 1 Language and background to language learning and teachingDescribing language and language skills Background to language learning. Background to language teaching.
Module 2 Planning lessons and use of resources for language teaching.Planning and preparing lessons. Selection and use of resources and materials.
Module 3 Managing the teaching and learning processTeachers' and learners' language in the classroom. Classroom management

Further information
TKT is available as from 2005; the test is currently undergoing extensive trialling throughout the world.Many existing Cambridge ESOL centres and supplier institutions are likely to offer courses to prepare teachers for the test.

Tutors may also use TKT as part of their teacher training courses to ensure core teaching knowledge is adequately covered and assessed.

Course Aims
Provide candidates with a strong foundation in the core areas of EFL/ESL teaching knowledge.
Develop, through keeping an on-going Portfolio of teaching and work experience, reflective practitioners. Identify the methodologies that are most effective in the English language classroom. Analyse the impact of teaching on student’s learning

Course Details
Modular Approach

TKT’s can be taken together in one exam session nor sat separately Sessions covering all areas of knowledge as detailed by the University of Cambridge Maximun 8 participants On line consulting before sitting for the exam Any time e-tutoring Assignments and examination practaice
Enrolment for the examination takes place mid-course

Entry Requirements
Open to native and non-native English Speakers Open to primary, secondary or adult teachers Open to inexperienced teachers starting a career in EFL/ESL
Open to experienced teachers as part of their on-going development programme

Level of English Required
Applicants should have a level of spoken English which is sufficient for active participation in classes, discussions and workshops.
A reasonable level of written English is necessary for the assignments (equivalent to FCE ¨A¨ or CAE, IELTS level 6/7)

ADVICE BOOK SHOP
San Martín 3031 - Santa Fe
Tel/Fax: 0342-4533392
email: advice@arnet.com.ar
http://www.advicebook.com.ar/
0800-222 6657

(March 15th 2008)

Reading: Pichot plays from the heart

*Read the article and do the activities below: (March 15th 2008)

The little general: Argentina's Agustín Pichot rallies his troops

PARIS, 11 October - Argentina have been one of the surprise packages of the tournament, winning their pool and advancing to the semi-finals for the first time at a rugby world cup.At the core of their success is scrum half Agustín Pichot, who wears the captain's badge with honour and his heart on his sleeve.At his fourth world cup, equalling Pedro Sporleder's Argentina record, Pichot has seen the Pumas evolve from under-performers to be ranked fourth in the world."In '99 there were political problems involved," Pichot said. "That certainly taught me how to behave as a captain and a player. It taught me discipline, order and a great love of the game."And then (coach) Marcelo (Loffreda) joined us and he gave something else to our game."Pichot, Argentina's fifth most-capped player (69) after making his debut in 1995, is quick to deflect any praise and credits the Pumas' squad strength for their recent success. "This team is more than just a (Juan Martín) Hernández or a (Felipe) Contepomi," he said. "I have been playing in the national team for several years and it's hard to find a group with such well-defined goals."

Pichot's battle on Sunday with in-form South Africa number 9 Fourie du Preez should be intriguing and might well determine the outcome of the match.The 33-year-old from Buenos Aires, who will join Racing Club de France in the second division after the tournament, will rely not only on his tactical nous and brilliant passing game to try to extend the Pumas' world cup-winning streak to six."If we look at the English match, playing well or playing badly, if you play with your heart on your sleeve, it becomes more than just a game."

Activity 1: Having read the article match the words in A with their corresponding meaning in B

-----------A --------------------------B
1.- surprise packages --------------a.- series of successes
2.-At the core of ------------------b.-curious
3.- wears his heart on his sleeve. -c.-intelligence/common sense
4.- under-performers ---------------d.-unexpected team
5.- most-capped player -------------e.-shows his feelings openly
6.- deflect (any praise) -----------f.- the result
7.- intriguing ---------------------g.-in the centre of
8.- the outcome --------------------h.- awarded the post of captain
9.- his (tactical) nous ------------i.-not at the same level of the rest
10.-winning streak -----------------j.- turn aside

Activity 2: Answer

1.- Why is Pichot compared to a general?
2.- Had the Pumas been expected to reach the semi finals?
3.- What distinguishes Pichot from other players?
4.- How are the Pumas ranked right now?
5.- What has rugby taught Pichot?
6.- Who gave the team sothing extra?
7.- When did Pichot make his debut?
8.- What elements does Pichot consider important for his team?
9.- How old is he and where will he play after the World Cup?
10.- What do you expect to happen next Sunday? (opinion!)

Keys:
Activity 1:
1.- d -- 2.- g -- 3.- e -- 4.- i -- 5.- h -- 6.- j -- 7.- b -- 8.- f -- 9.- c -- 10.- a

*Thursday 11 October 2007 By Mick Donohoe (From Paris)

http://www.e-teachingonline.com.ar/

Lesson Plan: UMBRELLA By Rihanna

1. Listen to the first verse of this song and complete the gaps with the right words. What do all these words have in common? (March 14th 2008)

rain, precipitation, clouds, storms, rainy, sunshine, weather

Jay-z:(Uhhu, uhhu) ch-yeah
(Uhhu, uhhu) rihanna
good girl gone bad
(Uhhu, uhhu) take three, action
(Uhhu, uhhu) hov
Jay-z:No ............... in my .................
Let it rain, I hydroplane into fame (rihanna: ey, ey, ey)
Coming down with the dow jones
When the ............... come we gone
We roc-a-fella (rihanna: eh, eh, eh)
We fly higher than .............and g5's are better
You know me, an anticipation for ................
Stacks chips for the ..............day (rihanna: ey, ey, ey)
Jay-y-y
.................. man is back with little miss ............

Rihanna where you at

2. Listen to the third verse and complete the gaps.

heart, cars, worlds, always, magazines

You have my ______

And we'll never be ________ apart

Maybe in ___________, but you'll still be my star

Baby 'cause in the dark you can't see shiny ______

And that's when you need me there

With you I'll _______ share
because

3. Listen to the chorus and try to match the two parts of each sentence.

When the sun shines ////////////I'm-a stick it out 'til the end
Told you ////////////////////// be your friend
Said I'll always /////////////////I'll be here forever
Took an oath, //////////////////we'll shine together
Now that it's raining ////////////have each other
Know that we'll still ////////////under my umbrella
You can stand /////////////////more than ever

4. Listen to this verse and choose the right word for each gap.

These clumsy/fancy things

Will never come in between

You're apart/far of my entity/infinity

Here for entity/infinity

When the war/world has dealt its card/part

When the war/world has dealt its card/part

If the hand is heart/hard

Together we'll mend your heart/hard

because

5. Listen to this final verse and complete the gaps (the first letter and the number of letters are indicated in each gap).

You can r_ _into my arms

It's okay, don't be alarmed

Come into m_There's no d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ in between our l_ _ _

So go on and l_ _ the rain pour

I'll be all you n _ _ _ and more

because

5. Complete the table with the words in the box according to the vowel sound.

verse, heart, hard, arms, more, card, part, apart, far, storm, war, world, star, word,

/3:/ /a:/ /o:/

Ahuh Ahuh
No clouds in my storms
Let it rain, I hydroplane in the bank
Coming down with the Dow Jones
When the clouds come we gone, we Rocafella
She fly higher than weatherAnd G5’s are better, You know me,
An anticipation, for precipitation.
Stacked chips for the rainy dayJay,
Rain Man is back with little Ms. Sunshine
Rihanna where you at?
[Rihanna]
You have my heart
And we'll never be worlds apart
May be in magazines
But you'll still be my star
Baby cause in the dark
You can't see shiny cars
And that's when you need me there
With you I'll always share
Because
[Chorus]
When the sun shines, we’ll shine together
Told you I'll be here forever
Said I'll always be a friend
Took an oath I'ma stick it out till the end
Now that it's raining more than ever
Know that we'll still have each other
You can stand under my umbrella
You can stand under my umbrella(Ella ella eh eh eh)
Under my umbrella(Ella ella eh eh eh)
Under my umbrella(Ella ella eh eh eh)
Under my umbrella(Ella ella eh eh eh eh eh eh)
These fancy things, will never come in between
You're part of my entity, here for Infinity
When the war has took it's part
When the world has dealt it's cards
If the hand is hard, together we'll mend your heart
Because
[Chorus]
When the sun shines, we’ll shine together
Told you I'll be here forever
Said I'll always be a friend
Took an oath I'ma stick it out till the end
Now that it's raining more than ever
Know that we'll still have each other
You can stand under my umbrella
You can stand under my umbrella(Ella ella eh eh eh)
Under my umbrella(Ella ella eh eh eh)
Under my umbrella(Ella ella eh eh eh)
Under my umbrella(Ella ella eh eh eh eh eh eh)
You can run into my arms
It's okay don't be alarmed
Come into me
There's no distance in between our love
So go on and let the rain pour
I'll be all you need and more
Because
[Chorus]
When the sun shines, we’ll shine together
Told you I'll be here forever
Said I'll always be a friend
Took an oath I'ma stick it out till the end
Now that it's raining more than ever
Know that we'll still have each other
You can stand under my umbrella
You can stand under my umbrella(Ella ella eh eh eh)
Under my umbrella(Ella ella eh eh eh)
Under my umbrella(Ella ella eh eh eh)
Under my umbrella(Ella ella eh eh eh eh eh eh)
It's raining
Ooh baby it's raining
Baby come into me
Come into me
It's raining
Oh baby it's raining




http://www.isabelperez.com/songs/umbrella.htm

Lesson Plan: WORLD HOLD ON By Bob Sinclair

1)Listen to the 3 parts of the song and fill the blanks with the right word from the tables (March 8th 2008)

Part 1

heart, feel, universe, world, answer, love, away, future, love,

Oh yeah, yeah… Open up your _____________, what do you __________Open up your _____________, what do you _____________… is real
The big bang may be a million years _____________But I can’t think of a better time to say
World, hold on Instead of messing with our _____________, open up inside World, hold on One day you will have to _____________ to the children of the sky
World, hold on Come one, everybody in the _____________, come on World, hold on One day you will have to _____________ to the children of the sky
Children of the sky…

Part 2

everybody, universe, cry, above, answer, love, sky,

Look inside, you’ll find a deeper _____________The kind that only comes from high _____________
If you ever meet your inner child, don’t _____________, no noTell them everything is gonna be alright
World, hold on Come one, _____________ in the _____________, World, hold on One day you will have to _____________ to the children of the _____________
Children of the _____________… alright

Part 3

unity, heart, universe, love, join,

Love, Don’t take “no” for an answer, alright
Right here, spread ___________, everybody ___________ together nowOne voice, one ___________, love and ___________, everybody sayYeah!
World, hold onCome one, everybody in the ___________, come onWorld, hold onOne day you will have to answer to the children of the sky
World, hold onCome one, everybody in the ___________, come onWorld, hold onOne day you will have to answer to the children of the sky

2)Watch the video and complete these sentences with the right option or word:

1. The news on TV say that the Earth is in .........................

2. and that a meteorite is / approaching / collapsing / arriving /.

3. The boy gives / his / its / her / dog a chocolate cookie.

4. He is lloking for information / on the internet / in a book / on the TV.

5. He wants to build a space ...............

6. Some toys come out from / under the bed / under the sofa / under the table.

7. There are four toys: a bear, a doll, a robot and a ................

8. The toys are / singing / dancing / jumping.

9. A "DJ" is playing some music on a biscuits ............

10. On his wardrobe there is a poster of a / horse / dog / cat.

11. He is trying to / shoot / destroy / hit / the meteor with a ............. ball.

12. Three countries are taking part in this mission. Their flags are on the rocket.
The three countries are................ , ......................... and ............

13. The dog presses a / red / green / blue / botton to take off.

14. The meteorite is near / Uranus / Jupiter / the Earth.

15. He shoots his balls and BINGO! The meteorite is ....................................

WORLD HOLD ON By Bob Sinclair

Oh yeah, yeah… Open up your heart, what do you feel

Open up your heart, what do you feel… is real
The big bang may be a million years away

But I can’t think of a better time to say
World, hold on Instead of messing with our future, open up inside

World, hold on One day you will have to answer to the children of the sky
World, hold on Come one, everybody in the universe, come on

World, hold on One day you will have to answer to the children of the sky
Children of the sky…
Look inside, you’ll find a deeper love

The kind that only comes from high above
If you ever meet your inner child, don’t cry, no no

Tell them everything is gonna be alright
World, hold on Come one, everybody in the universe,

World, hold on One day you will have to answer to the children of the sky
Children of the sky… alright
Love, Don’t take “no” for an answer, alright
Right here, spread love, everybody join together now

One voice, one heart, love and unity, everybody sayYeah!
World, hold onCome one, everybody in the universe, come on

World, hold onOne day you will have to answer to the children of the sky
World, hold onCome one, everybody in the universe, come on

World, hold onOne day you will have to answer to the children of the sky

http://www.isabelperez.com/songs/worldholdon.htm